Born:
N.Y.C.

Degrees and Studies:
Educated in New York.

Biographical Information:
Author or editor of four books on Beethoven, including Beethoven (1977; second ed., 1998), which is widely regarded as the standard modern biography of that composer, and which has been translated into eight languages. Beethoven Essays won the Kinkeldey Award of the American Musicological Society for most distinguished book of the year, 1989. Other books include Beethoven's Tagebuch 1812-1818, 1983; Memories of Beethoven, 1992; and most recently, Mozart: A Life, 1995. Has also written on Schubert and Ives. Co-founder, Vanguard Records, the Bach Guild; was for many years a producer of phonograph records. Held visiting professorships in music at SUNY-Stony Brook, Columbia, Harvard, and Yale U.

The Juilliard School:
Faculty since 1998.